Xov xwm

KEEB KWV YAV DUAJ THIAB KEV TXHIM KHO NTAWM KEV SIV TSHUAJ loog HAUV NKAUS

Kev muab tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha pib txij li xyoo pua kaum xya thaum Christopher Wren txhaj tshuaj opium rau hauv tus dev siv tus cwj mem goose thiab lub zais zis npua thiab tus dev ua rau 'ntshai heev'. Xyoo 1930 hexobarbital thiab pentothal tau coj los siv rau hauv kev kho mob.

Xyoo 1960s Pharmacokinetic tau tsim cov qauv thiab cov qauv rau kev txhaj tshuaj IV thiab xyoo 1980s, cov tshuab txhaj tshuaj IV uas tswj los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj tau tsim tawm. Xyoo 1996 thawj lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj uas tswj los ntawm lub hom phiaj ('Diprufusor') tau tsim tawm.

TXHAIS LUS

A kev txhaj tshuaj uas tsom mus rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuajyog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj uas tswj hwm los ntawm txoj kev uas sim ua kom tau qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj uas tus neeg siv txhais hauv ib feem ntawm lub cev lossis cov nqaij ntawm lub cev. Lub tswv yim no tau hais los ntawm Kruger Thiemer thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1968.

TSHUAJ KINETICS

Qhov ntim ntawm kev faib tawm.

Qhov no yog qhov ntim pom tseeb uas cov tshuaj tau faib tawm. Nws yog xam los ntawm cov mis: Vd = koob tshuaj/kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws tus nqi nyob ntawm seb nws puas raug xam thaum lub sijhawm xoom - tom qab bolus (Vc) lossis thaum lub xeev ruaj khov tom qab infusion (Vss).

Kev tshem tawm.

Kev Tshem Tawm yog qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav (Vp) uas cov tshuaj raug tshem tawm hauv ib lub sijhawm los suav nrog nws cov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Kev Tshem Tawm = Kev Tshem Tawm X Vp.

Thaum qhov kev tshem tawm nce ntxiv, lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm lub neej txo qis, thiab thaum qhov ntim ntawm kev faib tawm nce ntxiv, lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm lub neej kuj txo qis. Qhov kev tshem tawm kuj tseem siv tau los piav qhia txog qhov ceev npaum li cas cov tshuaj txav mus los ntawm cov chav sib xyaw. Cov tshuaj raug faib ua ntej rau hauv chav nruab nrab ua ntej faib rau cov chav sib xyaw. Yog tias qhov ntim pib ntawm kev faib tawm (Vc) thiab qhov concentration xav tau rau kev kho mob (Cp) paub, nws muaj peev xwm xam cov koob tshuaj kom ua tiav qhov concentration ntawd:

Kev thauj khoom koob tshuaj = Cp x Vc

Nws kuj tseem siv tau los xam cov koob tshuaj bolus uas xav tau kom nce qhov concentration sai sai thaum lub sijhawm infusion tas mus li: Bolus dose = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Tus nqi ntawm infusion kom tswj tau qhov ruaj khov = Cp X Clearance.

Cov txheej txheem yooj yim rau kev txhaj tshuaj tsis ua tiav qhov concentration ntawm cov ntshav kom txog thaum tsawg kawg yog tsib qhov sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm kev tshem tawm. Qhov concentration xav tau tuaj yeem ua tiav sai dua yog tias noj tshuaj bolus tom qab ntawd nrog rau qhov nrawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.